May 15, 2014 chest radiographs in pulmonary tuberculosis introduction etiology epidemiology pathophysiology clinical features diagnosis treatment pathogenesis of tuberculosis a. Understanding how mycobacterium tuberculosis adapts to the human host during infection can lead to new. However, this complex subject is made more complicated by lack of uniform terminology, failure to recognize many events that may occur regardless of any difference of opinion in regard to their origin, failure to recognize fully the factors modifying the development of tuberculous disease under different. Ppt pulmonary tuberculosis powerpoint presentation free. Infectious droplet nuclei are generated when persons who have pulmonary or laryngeal tb disease cough, sneeze, shout, or sing. Download the ios download the android app other related materials. This is an example of tuberculosis of the skin it is normally referred to as warty t. Conroy 2 1university of texas health science centre, san antonio, texas 2harrogate district hospital, north yorkshire 1usa 2uk 1. Tuberculosis and the reservoir of infection is humans with active tb. Through the efforts of a tremendous number of dedicated investigators, many of the formidable technical obstacles to m. Ppt tuberculosis free download as powerpoint presentation.
Chapter 2 transmission and pathogenesis of tuberculosis table of contents chapter objectives 19 introduction 21 transmission of tb 21 pathogenesis of tb 26 drugresistant tb mdr and xdr 35 tb classi. Pathophysiology initial infection or primary infection entry of micro. Introduction the term osteomyelitis encompasses a broad group of infectious diseases characterized by. Tuberculosis may infect of the world population asymptomatically and causes 2 million deathsyear. The current paradigm of the pathogenesis of tb considers tb to a one act play in which the caseating granuloma modulated by cmi is the characteristic lesion of all tb. Transmission occurs when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing. Ppt pulmonary tuberculosis powerpoint presentation. Bilateral advanced pulmonary tuberculosis and cavitation in apical area of right lung a bc 32. The videos are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Cdc self study modules on tuberculosis, 1 5 xpowerpoint. Despite the development of potentially curative chemotherapy, tuberculosis tb continues to cause increasing worldwide morbidity and is a leading cause of human mortality in the developing world. Find out exactly how tb causes damage to the lungs. Pathogenesis of tuberculosis transmission tuberculosis transmission occurs when the organism is aerosolised by the cough of an infected patient and inhaled into the alveoli of a new host. Various theories of the mechanisms involved have been purposely omitted in many instances, and indeed, many are unsolved.
How to take care of your mental health while working from home. Dannenberg am jr, rook gaw 1994 pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. When someone comes into contact with tuberculosis or feels as if they become infected by tuberculosis, they should call a doctor and order a skin test. In the patients lung, the bacilli are phagocytized by alveolar macrophage cells, which then invade the underlying epithelium. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis. Primary tb mediates protective immunity to disseminated infection. Droplet nuclei containing tb bacilli are inhaled, enter the lungs, and travel to the alveoli.
Author summary tuberculosis is a major global health threat, with approximately 10 million new cases per year and 1. The evaluation of antituberculosis drug effects on phenotypes of mycobacterium tuberculosis not detected by culture methods xavier a. Pathophysiology of tuberculosis linkedin slideshare. Advances in diagnosis, including the use of rapid molecular testing and wholegenome sequencing in both sputum and nonsputum samples, could change this situation. T cells can recognize antigen within the mycobacteriallyinfected lung but the antigen presentation is not optimal. Free tuberculosis types medical powerpoint template for. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, and. Pathophysiology tuberculosis rvs chaitanya koppala 2. Mycobacterium tuberculosis mtb is an extremely well adapted human parasite. Although we may not be able to state dogmatically that a given lesion is a progressive. Transmission and pathogenesis of tb 20 slides chapter 3. The first stage is an asymptomatic state that can persist for many years in the host, called latent tb.
The cycle of tb infection begins with dispersion of m. Infection occurs via aerosol, and inhalation of a few droplets containing m. In most forms of the disease, the bacillus spreads slowly and widely in the lungs, causing the formation of hard nodules tubercles or large cheeselike masses that break down the respiratory tissues and form cavities in the lungs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis authorstream presentation. A dose of one to 10 bacilli are dispersed throughout the air, making the risk of transmission likely.
Always seek the advice of a qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Microsoft powerpoint tb epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and cilinical picture lecture 5th year re\236im kompatibility. Introduction tb is caused by tubercle bacilli, which belong to the genus mycobacterium. Although tuberculosis is treatable, cure requires prolonged antibiotic courses and strains that are resistant to current treatments are increasingly common.
Rod shaped bacilli most often cause lung infections but can also cause disseminated disease. Global tuberculosis incidence has declined marginally over the past decade, and tuberculosis remains out of control in several parts of the world including africa and asia. Download s free tuberculosis types medical powerpoint template now for your upcoming medical powerpoint presentations. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about pathogenesis of tuberculosis ppt. At cd4 counts of less than 200 per cubic millimeter, the presentation of tuberculosis may be atypical, with subtle infiltrates, pleural effu. The pathogenesis of tuberculosis diseases of the chest. The risk of active tuberculosis increases soon after infection with hiv,19 and the manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis at this stage are similar to those in hivnegative persons. Microsoft powerpoint tb epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and.
Testing for tb infection and disease 26 slides chapter 4. Pathogenesis of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virusinfected people sebastian lucas and ann marie nelson 30. These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational purposes only. Recent advances in bacterial molecular genetics, immunology, and human genetics. Mycobacterium tuberculosis microbiology ppt xpowerpoint. Displaying powerpoint presentation on cdc self study modules on tuberculosis 1 5 available to view or download.
Pamela, tuberculosis pathogenesis and transmission, oakland country michiga health division, 2016, page no. Tb has many manifestations, affecting bone, the central nervous system, and many other organ systems, but it is primarily a pulmonary disease that is initiated by the deposition of mycobacterium tuberculosis, contained in. Chapter 2 transmission and pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Although tuberculosis control has been effective in some regions of the world, these gains are threatened by the increasing burden of multidrugresistant mdr and extensively drugresistant xdr tuberculosis. Download cdc self study modules on tuberculosis 1 5 ppt for free. Treatment for latent tuberculosis infection 20 slides chapter 6.
A key question about that interaction is whether mycobacterium tuberculosis exerts an effect on phagolysosome fusion. Tuberculosis etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation generalmedicine. View and download powerpoint presentations on pathogenesis of tuberculosis ppt. Tuberculosis, infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Primary tuberculosis it is the initial infection by tubercle bacilli in a host the site of the initial infection is usually the lung these bacilli engulfed by alveolar macrophages, multiply and give rise to a subpleural focus of tuberculous pneumonia which is commonly located in the lower lobe or lower part of the. Phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli by antigenpresenting cells in human lung alveoli initiates a complex infection process by mycobacterium tuberculosis and a potentially protective immune response by the host. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Their activation requires cd1d expression by infected macrophages as well as il12 and il18. Module 1 transmission and pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Find tuberculosis stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Etiology, pathogenesis and lab diagnosis may 15, 2012 acharya tankeshwar bacteriology, laboratory diagnosis of bacterial disease 1 leprosy is an ageold disease, associated with social stigma. It is hoped that further research and clinical observations will serve to clarify further the evolution of this disease. Chest radiographs in pulmonary tuberculosis introduction etiology epidemiology pathophysiology clinical features diagnosis treatment pathogenesis of tuberculosis a.
Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Tuberculosis is defined as an infectious disease caused by a bacterium. Molecular approaches to the diagnosis of tuberculosis thomas m. It can also be a crippling and deadly disease, and is on the rise in both developed and developing worlds. Tuberculosis types powerpoint template is one of the best. Download ppt many of these compounds have potent biologic activity when tested on eukaryotic cells in in vitro systems, raising the possibility that they may be important for pathogenesis. Pathophysiology tuberculosis rvs chaitanya koppala. Pathogenesis of tuberculosis pathogenesis in a previously unexposed, immunocompetent person depends on the development of anti mycobacterial cell mediated immunity,which confers resistance to bacteria and development of hypersensitivity to mycobacterial antigens. Overview of tuberculosis epidemiology, transmission. Saiful anwar general hospital definition tuberculosis is a disease due to. It the past 200 years tuberculosis tb has killed more people than all other epidemic infections combined and it still kills around 5,000 people per day, more than any other infection. The burden of tb in many countries is compounded in those who have co infection with the human immunodeficiency virus hiv.
The mouse model of tuberculosis has been used by sadaovalle et al to find that inkt cells have a direct bactericidal effect on m. Airborne disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most cases of tb are pulmonary and acquired by person to person transmission of airborne. Tuberculosis pathogenesis and transmission state of michigan. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis and molecular. Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from an infectious disease among adults worldwide, with more than 10 million people becoming newly sick from tuberculosis each year. Ive downloaded your program because my dad has been suffering from diabetes for. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. Chapter 2 transmission and pathogenesis of tuberculosis cdc. Infection is initiated by inhalation of droplet nuclei, which are particles of 15.
The selfstudy modules on tuberculosis, 15 slide sets training package consists of. Canetti, pinner and others knew the clinical presentation, pathology, and. Definition tuberculosis is the infectious disease primarily affecting. Mar 17, 2017 tuberculosis mechanism of disease, symptoms, and diagnosis summary starts at 7minutes, 15 seconds. How prezi does project status updates with a distributed workplace. In this lecture the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis has been discussed. While mtb can infect many animals, they cannot transmit the infection to others. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1 no transcript 2 mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis tb is defined as a disease caused by members of the m. The pathology of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection k. In 2006, the emergence of extensively drugresistant tuberculosis xdrtb was first reported. The basic pattern of tuberculous infection has been discussed.
Ppt mycobacterium tuberculosis powerpoint presentation. There are many unanswered questions concerning the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Microbial pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Central to understanding the pathogenesis of tuberculosis is the interaction between the pathogen and mononuclear phagocytes. Summary tuberculosis tb, one of the oldest known human diseases. Tuberculosis airborne disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis m. The evaluation of anti tuberculosis drug effects on phenotypes of mycobacterium tuberculosis not detected by culture methods xavier a. Tuberculosis is a communicable disease and patients with pulmonary tb are the most important source of infection. This free tuberculosis types medical ppt is one of the free medical powerpoint templates available for medical and healthcare professionals on. Lipoarabinomannan, a major cell wall associated glycolipid, has been extensively examined in vitro and can inhibit gamma interferon activation of. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Mechanisms of pathogenesis in tuberculosis graham a. In some cases, transmission is highest within family units, but.
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